Climate change

2022 - 4 - 21

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Image courtesy of "The New York Times"

Climate Change: Your Questions About Causes and Effects, Answered (The New York Times)

Can you solve drought by piping water across the country? Is the weather becoming more extreme than scientists predicted? What kind of trees are best to plant ...

NASA scientists, among others, have calculated that any cooling effect would be overwhelmed by the warming effect of all the greenhouse gases we have pumped, and continue to pump, into the atmosphere. The reality is not that clear cut: If the presence of those cryptominers disincentivizes oil and gas companies from piping away that gas to be used elsewhere, any savings effect is blunted. That keeps the number of batteries, and the weight, down. To measure temperatures at the sea’s surface, for instance, the most common method before about 1940 was to toss a bucket overboard a ship, haul it back up with a rope and read the temperature of the water inside. Some researchers put the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave in that category, and are working to figure out whether they need to re-evaluate some of their assumptions. How can we possibly have reliable measures of global temperatures from back then, keeping in mind that oceans cover about 70 percent of the globe and that a large majority of land has never been populated by humans to any significant degree? Given “unexpected” extreme events like the 2021 Pacific Northwest heat wave and extreme heat in Antarctica that appear to shock scientists, it’s difficult for me to trust the I.P.C.C.’s framing that we haven’t run out of time. The idea of taking water from one community and giving it to another has some basis in American history. And some 2,500 chemical sites are in areas at risk of flooding, which could cause those chemicals to leach into the groundwater. And research “suggests these disruptions to the vortex are happening more often in connection with a rapidly warming, melting Arctic, which we know is a clear symptom of climate change,” said Jennifer A. Francis, a senior scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center. Where the extreme cold occurs depends on the nature of the disruption to the polar vortex. The connection between climate change and extreme cold weather involves the polar jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere, strong winds that blow around the globe from west to east at an altitude of 5 to 9 miles.

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Image courtesy of "Vancouver Is Awesome"

More squid, less salmon — how climate change is impacting ... (Vancouver Is Awesome)

UBC researchers tracked down menus from 362 Vancouver restaurants stretching from 1880 to 2021 to find out how climate change is affecting local restaurant ...

“Some of the species, we take them for granted,” said Cheung, pointing to the impact climate change is having on sockeye. Seafood prices have surged in recent years, a trend he says is made worse by large-scale export to Asian markets. To answer those questions, Cheung and Ng compared contemporary menus in restaurants in Anchorage, Alaska, and in Los Angeles, Calif. The pattern held. I used to use them in California quite a bit.” Populations of popular fish like Albacore tuna could also increasingly spend more time in B.C.’s warming waters. “Even if you are not catching fish or you are not related to the seafood sector, it affects our everyday life.” By comparing different time periods, they discovered the highest preferred temperature had climbed 3 C since 1880. How those climate-triggered migrations impact the fishing industry has been well-documented. “The restaurants, especially in Metro Vancouver, are increasingly mindful about serving sustainable seafood,” said Cheung. “We want to see if those seafood menus have a lower carbon footprint.” “It is still rising… “Humbolt squid, we already use,” he said. “Salmon a la Victoria, Pommes a la Duchese,” reads the menu.

Vancouver's historical seafood menus offer hints of climate change ... (Vancouver Sun)

UBC professor studies 362 restaurant menus in Vancouver to show how climate change has affected seafood.

Cheung said that sardine preferred warmer waters, but the fishery had been overfished in the 1940s and hadn’t recovered. “However, it is a likely explanation that the warmer waters are contributing to the increasing appearance of Humboldt squid on menus.” However, other studies have confirmed that this type of squid is now more common in B.C. waters. An earlier 2018 UBC study found that as much as 25 per cent of seafood sold in Metro Vancouver is mislabelled. What they found was the preferred temperatures for seafood from Vancouver menus increased from around 10.7 C between 1880 and 1960 to around 13.8 C for the 2019-to-2021 period — a change of 3.1 C. They also looked at 148 present-day menus in Anchorage and Los Angeles.

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Image courtesy of "UBC News"

Expect to see more squid and less sockeye salmon on “climate ... (UBC News)

Apr 21, 2022. Vancouver seafood lovers may see more Humboldt squid but less sockeye salmon on restaurant menus in the near future due to climate change.

I think drawing the line from science to something that is very relatable for people in the real world is something the study accomplishes,” he said. “We know sockeye salmon isn’t doing well in B.C. That means local sockeye might be less available in the near future, and it’s likely local restaurants may choose other salmon species, or other fish species.” “We can expect to see less stable availability of seafood if we consume local catch. The extreme marine heat wave known as ‘the Blob’ and the abnormally hot weather of the past several decades, leading to shifts in distribution and abundance of exploited species, could be behind the increased pace at which seafood menus are transforming, he said. The biggest changes in species found on menus occurred from 1981 to 1996, compared with 2019 to 2021, where warmer water preferred species tended to occur more frequently in recent times. It’s likely that they were more available to catch for sale, and so local seafood restaurants offered more of these types of fish.”

Expect to see more squid and less sockeye salmon on 'climate ... (Science Daily)

Vancouver seafood lovers may see more Humboldt squid but less sockeye salmon on restaurant menus in the near future due to climate change.

I think drawing the line from science to something that is very relatable for people in the real world is something the study accomplishes," he said. The extreme marine heat wave known as 'the Blob' and the abnormally hot weather of the past several decades, leading to shifts in distribution and abundance of exploited species, could be behind the increased pace at which seafood menus are transforming, he said. Other non-climate related factors do affect the availability of species that restaurants have to serve, such as fishing activity, aquaculture and imported supply. "We know sockeye salmon isn't doing well in B.C. That means local sockeye might be less available in the near future, and it's likely local restaurants may choose other salmon species, or other fish species." It's likely that they were more available to catch for sale, and so local seafood restaurants offered more of these types of fish." The biggest changes in species found on menus occurred from 1981 to 1996, compared with 2019 to 2021, where warmer water preferred species tended to occur more frequently in recent times.

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Image courtesy of "Doctors of BC"

Climate change and human health (Doctors of BC)

Over the past number of months, extreme weather, wildfires, and other events have brought the immediacy of the climate emergency to light –both in BC, ...

A range of strategies and tools are needed to reduce the associated health harms, and British Columbia’s doctors are uniquely positioned in these efforts. Physicians can play a valuable role in communicating the population health impacts of climate change, as well as contributing to strategies to reduce potential harms. Over the past number of months, extreme weather, wildfires, and other events have brought the immediacy of the climate emergency to light –both in BC, and on a global scale.

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Image courtesy of "Earth.Org"

How Does Climate Change Affect the Ocean? | Earth.Org - Past ... (Earth.Org)

Carbon dioxide emissions tend to acidify oceans making aquatic species and marine habitats more vulnerable to declines and damage. This ocean acidification ...

The goal is to adopt proper implementation of global strategies that can ensure marine and coastal protection and the conservation of the global oceans in general. The WMO in particular also collaborates with the Food and Agriculture Organisation to understand the impacts of climate change on marine productivity and fisheries. More than hundred countries across the globe responsible for a majority of these emissions, have made national climate commitments and pledges to curb their impacts on the environment. With the Paris Agreement, the recent COP26 summit in Glasgow among others, we can definitely say that we are off to a good start. While 30% of the land on Earth is classified as areas of particular importance for biodiversity protection, in order to reverse the extinction crisis, there needs to be an additional 20% of land that needs to be conserved. To surmise, greenhouse warming has complex and perhaps, severe impacts on the ocean than on land. Countries have also started developing policies and implementing sustainable practices which can conserve the oceans and protect fisheries and marine habitats. On the other hand, La Niña events have also seen a build-up in recent years, and tend to have complex impacts on weather patterns particularly in the Pacific Ocean. Both El Niño and La Niña events are part of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where the former brings warming effects while the latter brings significant cooling or changes in winter seasons in the Pacific regions. The cumulative impacts of deforestation, agricultural runoff, overexploitation of marine resources, overfishing and more also weaken marine ecosystems of the world. Oceans are known to absorb most of the solar energy reaching the Earth, and warming of the oceans is generally slower than the atmosphere, resulting in moderate coastal weather with few hot and cold extremes. While oceans tend to influence regional and weather conditions around the world, changes in the climate can also have profound impacts on the oceans. Oceans absorb almost 90% of the extra energy from greenhouse gas effects, and this has resulted in ocean warming at depths of 1,000 metres.

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Image courtesy of "USA TODAY"

Fact check: Warming varies across oceans and atmosphere, doesn't ... (USA TODAY)

Global warming is occurring at different rates at different places on Earth. This is due to geophysics and the complexity of Earth's climate systems.

Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that differences in ocean and atmospheric warming are not explained by climate change science. This is also why surface air temperatures over land are warming more quickly than surface air temperatures over the ocean, he said. "There is no single value of temperature change expected for the oceans and atmosphere. While they warm at different rates, both the atmosphere and ocean are warming due to human activity. "If scientists were all correct then rises in ocean temperature and all atmospheric datasets would all be the same – but they are not." According to NASA, 90% of global warming is occurring in Earth's oceans.

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Image courtesy of "Forbes"

Rethinking Our Cities To Tackle Climate Change (Forbes)

Across its 17 chapters, it examines climate change mitigation efforts in use (or pledged for use) in everything from agriculture and transport, to energy supply ...

Climate change is a direct result of more than a century of ignored warnings and and unsustainable approaches to using precious resources. Researchers at ETH’s Future Cities Laboratory believe that part of the answer to this is to enable a circular loop within the urban landscape. The authors say that it could “transform cityscapes from their current status as net sources of GHG emissions into large-scale, human-made carbon sinks.” A paper referenced in the report suggests that constructing timber buildings for 2.3 billion urban dwellers (between 2020 and 2050) could store between 0.01 and 0.68 Gt CO2 per year, depending on a number of factors, including the average floor area per capita. This has prompted many to begin a drastic rethink of the materials supply chain, and of the construction, operation, and demolition cycle. A particularly good example of this is the dominance of private cars seen in many urban areas. More than half of the global human population now live in these areas, and that proportion is forecasted to increase to nearly 70% by 2050. The materials most associated with mid- and high-rise urban construction – namely, concrete, steel, aluminum, and glass – all come with significant carbon (and environmental) cost, despite steady improvements in their production efficiency. Smart (and distributed) electric grids are also enabling a more sustainable approach to electricity supply and demand. There is arguably a fourth strategy too – behavioral change – though, this often follows on from the successful implementation of the other three. The huge range of approaches reflects the fact that the causes of climate change are numerous – though, it should be said, we humans are to blame for all of them – and tackling it will take a multi-pronged approach. Across its 17 chapters, it examines climate change mitigation efforts in use (or pledged for use) in everything from agriculture and transport, to energy supply and manufacturing. We are living in a climate crisis, and the time for action is now.

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Image courtesy of "The Indian Express"

Earth Day 2022: Google Doodle highlights effects of climate change ... (The Indian Express)

Earth Day 2022 Google Doodle: Throughout the day, the doodle images will change to represent different locations of the earth and the impact of global ...

Several events and campaigns are being held worldwide to demonstrate support for environmental protection. Earth Day is an international event celebrated around the world to pledge support for environmental protection. Each image will remain on the homepage for several hours at a time.

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Image courtesy of "The Times of Israel"

From a Jewish sociologist, harsh truths on the efficacy of climate ... (The Times of Israel)

Prof. Dana Fisher examines how — and whether — ordinary people can make an impact on the global problem through activism.

At the same time, we have this history of stewardship of the land and the idea of how to give back to the land and give back to other people is built into the Jewish tradition. To take a stand as Jews is important in terms of representation and also important when we think about movement-building. I grew up in a mildly Conservative to Reform family so we were very much like a standard kind of progressive northeastern Jewish American family. In and of itself, getting arrested is relatively resource-intensive, and it doesn’t have a positive effect on mitigating climate change. Some activist groups might be less excited about the kind of work that I want to do because it will tell a better picture, but it may also redirect tactics in ways that may not get too much media attention. I was brought in as what’s called a contributing author, which is the lowest level of author and we’re frequently brought in when a chapter’s authors recognize that something’s missing and needs to be added. People power like that can take advantage of what constituents, say American Jews, already care about, and use them to pressure these economic interests to make sure they follow through on their commitments. One of the things I have been doing is with the folks trying to build the Civilian Climate Corps. When people do service work to try to help the environment, how do we measure what that means? There are a small number of studies that have tried to do that. Climate change is a process that is changing the physical world, but it’s having a huge impact on society, affecting migration, refugees, and so forth. The Arctic has warmed twice as fast as the rest of the world since 1988. Her insights might not make some activists in the climate movement happy.

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Image courtesy of "NBC News"

Soaring gas prices test Biden on climate change (NBC News)

President Joe Biden's ambitions to finally put the U.S. on the path to confront climate change are crashing into an election-year scramble to lower gas ...

Last month, Biden announced he would release 1 million barrels of oil a day from the country’s strategic reserve, one of several steps to cut gas prices soon. And as the White House tries to starve Moscow of the funds it needs to wage its war in Ukraine, Biden is pushing countries to stop buying Russian oil and gas. They pointed out that Interior Secretary Deb Haaland had used her discretion to significantly cut the amount of land being offered and raise the royalty rate companies must pay. The White House recently greenlighted exporting more U.S. gas to Europe, a step that requires building costly new export terminals that are likely to stay in use for years — even if the current crisis ends. Biden’s newfound focus on lowering gas prices in the near term has opened up rare divisions between his administration and environmental groups, who largely cheered his efforts in his first year to recommit the U.S. on climate change. But the spending proposal died, taking more than half a billion dollars in climate funding with it, denying Democrats what would have been their biggest legislative achievement to run on ahead of the midterms. But there have been no signs of serious, advanced negotiations — including with Sen. Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., a must-have vote — and time is quickly running out before the campaign season makes legislating in Congress nearly impossible. Yet some energy analysts have questioned that logic, arguing that building mammoth new solar and wind farms is not a viable solution to bring down energy costs immediately. “The problem they have is the energy reality we face just doesn’t square with the quick transition that they would like to sell. But that means increasing global production of gasoline, just when Biden is trying to wean the U.S. off fossil fuels. Yet this week, Biden reinstated rules requiring big infrastructure projects to undergo complex reviews for environmental and climate effects before they can get started, a step that could cause significant delays. “It’ll ensure we’re no longer reliant on petrostate autocrats,” Sittenfeld said.

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Image courtesy of "iNews"

Climate change: Meaning behind Earth Day 2022 and how the ... (iNews)

Earth Day is recognised across the planet as a chance to raise awareness of the environmental crisis we all face.

“Now is the time for the unstoppable courage to preserve and protect our health, our families, our livelihoods.” “This is the moment to change it all – the business climate, the political climate, and how we take action on climate,” the Earth Day website states. The theme of Earth Day 2022 is “Invest in Our Planet”.

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Image courtesy of "Down To Earth Magazine"

Vanishing glaciers forests: Google's Earth Day doodle shows how ... (Down To Earth Magazine)

Mount Kilimanjaro, Sermersooq, Great Barrier Reef, Harz Forests featured in the doodle.

The southwest monsoon contributes 74.9 per cent to the annual rainfall in India and irrigates over half of India’s agricultural land. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition. “Quantitatively, the monsoon seasonal (June to September) rainfall is likely to be 99 per cent of the LPA with a model error of ± 5 per cent. It noted that currently, the southwest monsoon is passing through a ‘dry epoch’ which started in the decade of 1971-80. You can further help us by making a donation. Google, which records over 8 billion searches every day, has dedicated its daily doodle to Earth Day several times since the feature was rolled out in 1998. We are a voice to you; you have been a support to us. Scientists have attributed the loss to global warming as well as change in land-use, mostly deforestation. Rising temperatures and severe drought are responsible for this loss of green cover. The images were gathered from The Ocean Agency, an international non-profit that works on marine conservation. You can further help us by making a donation. We are a voice to you; you have been a support to us.

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Image courtesy of "CNN"

Opinion: If we want to solve climate change, businesses need to ... (CNN)

After decades of treating business leaders as the enemy, many environmentalists have come to the realization that if we want to save the planet, we cannot ...

That is a recipe for all of us to end up in the red. the reality of their net zero promises, undercutting their credibility with both governments and environmentalists. They must agree to complete transparency on their environmental and climate impacts and without the phony net-zero claims. In the five-plus decades since the first Earth Day, the global environmental community has filed tens of thousands of lawsuits against corporations and corporations have sued back to block environmental regulations. Simply put, it is going to take a lot more than governments, environmentalists, and individuals can provide to solve the climate problem. Yet compromises have often been possible, and environmentalists also work collaboratively with both corporations and governments to transform industries where there are mutual environmental and economic benefits such as the transformation of the lighting industry to LEDs, supporting renewable energy incentives, and forest certification standards.

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Image courtesy of "Ipsos Research"

Canadians Are Concerned About Climate Change, Yet Demonstrate ... (Ipsos Research)

Only one in three Canadians believe that the government has a clear plan in place to tackle climate change.

Join Ipsos for its complimentary KEYS webinar series dedicated to helping brands and organizations better understand the dynamics of today as they prepare for tomorrow. For more information on the Ipsos use of credibility intervals, please visit the Ipsos website. While Canadians believe in a shared responsibility among government, businesses and individuals to tackle climate change, they place more emphasis on government and business’ responsibility to lead the charge. Overall, Canadians are more pessimistic than optimistic about whether their country – or other countries around the world – will make significant progress on mitigating climate change in the next ten years. Yet, there is a lack of faith that the country has the necessary plans in place and will make significant progress in tackling climate change in this next decisive decade. Only 30% of Canadians are aware of the government’s plan to tackle climate change, placing Canada in the bottom five in the list of 30 countries surveyed.

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Image courtesy of "India Today"

Earth Day 2022 calls for investing in planet: Here's how much we ... (India Today)

Earth Day this year is based on the theme "invest in our planet" amid strong signs from the planet as wildfires, intense floods, and changing climate ...

The major economies of the world, including the US, are yet to deliver on their commitments towards a $100 billion per year climate fund. US Climate envoy John Kerry had said that President Joe Biden is committed to increasing U.S. funding to developing countries to help with climate change. Earth Day this year is based on the theme "invest in our planet" amid strong signs from the planet as wildfires, intense floods, and changing climate threaten its survival.

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Image courtesy of "iNews"

Climate change facts: How global warming is impacting the planet ... (iNews)

The Earth's average temperature has increased by more than 1C during the 20th and 21st century.

Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. “Earth’s climate record, preserved in tree rings, ice cores, and coral reefs, shows that the global average temperature is stable over long periods of time. The Met Office defines a heatwave as at least three consecutive days of temperatures above a certain level. The threshold for a heatwave is 25ºC for most of the country. In March, the Met Office changed the definition of a heatwave to reflect how climate change is already affecting the UK. Climate change is already having a significant effect on our planet, and the importance of taking action is highlighted on Earth Day.

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Image courtesy of "Forbes"

For Earth Day 2022, Google Doodle Shows How Climate Change Is ... (Forbes)

The four featured time-lapse animations shows the retreating glacier on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, drought impacts on the Harz Forests in Germany, coral ...

Within the next 25 years, the entire ice could be gone as a result of climate change. The image database will be updated every year. According to an official statement, "using real time-lapse imagery from Google Earth Timelapse and other sources, the Doodle shows the impact of climate change across four different locales around our planet.

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Image courtesy of "Oxfam America"

Earth Day 2022: six facts about climate change and inequality (Oxfam America)

Climate change impacts the most vulnerable first and worst and that's why Oxfam is making sure that climate action is central to our fight against ...

3. Black and Indigenous people face the worst impacts of climate change, which causes heat waves, storms, and other disasters. For example, due to the effects of climate change an estimated 13 million people across Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia have been displaced in search of water and pasture, just in the first quarter of 2022, despite having done little to cause the climate crisis. It is time that our elected officials give it the urgency, attention, and investment that is necessary.

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Image courtesy of "The Washington Post"

Climate change quiz: 10 questions to test your knowledge (The Washington Post)

Climate change can feel confusing, big and scary. Trust us: We get it. Just take a deep breath, and let it back out again (it will be full of carbon dioxide ...

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Image courtesy of "Medical News Today"

In Conversation: Why climate change matters for human health (Medical News Today)

The consensus among scientists is that we are in an era of global heating and extreme weather events, primarily due to the devastating effects of human ...

“[B]y increasing communication from the health system, by promoting healthier lifestyles, we on the one hand promote behavior shifts that determine low-carbon transitions and facilitate those low-carbon transitions. But […] the response to climate change, and commensurate investment, remains inadequate,” it concludes. That alters hydrological cycles and generates other impacts on the climate [and] on our environment that add to the whole combo that we call ‘climate change’.” “One of the most cited examples of how infectious diseases are changing [is] in so-called arthropod-borne diseases. For example, a study that appeared in PNAS in 2019 looked at how efficiently the immune systems of mice reacted to influenza viruses under different temperature conditions. “[Pandemics are] going to happen more and a key driver of this is climate change. “So what happens [as a result] is that, as heat from the Sun reaches the Earth, they act like a blanket, they trap the heat inside the Earth’s atmosphere, and that makes the temperatures go up. “[G]reenhouse gases that have been accumulating in the atmosphere due to human activity are gases like carbon dioxide [and] methane. As climates change animals will change their distribution; they’ll probably group together more allowing viruses to jump more easily between them. So that also is posing limits on […] food productivity,” stressed Dr. Romanello. In our latest installment of the In Conversation podcast, we discuss these aspects at length with two key experts. Why are researchers concerned, and what are the implications for health?

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Image courtesy of "AJMC.com Managed Markets Network"

Contributor: Climate Change to Take an Increasing Toll on Mental ... (AJMC.com Managed Markets Network)

To mark the nation's 52nd Earth Day, Robert Feder, MD, outlines how climate change will exacerbate mental health challenges and the importance of global ...

The first is the direct impact of changes in climate on mental health. Concerns about climate change are now showing up in therapists’ offices.6 Despite accumulating knowledge about how to help with these problems,7 the number of “climate informed” therapists remains low. 7. Feder R. A brief guide to individual therapy for climate-related mental distress. 1. Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaption, and vulnerability. In addition, rising ambient temperatures are associated with higher suicide rates3 and growing emergency room mental health visits.4 The New York Times. Published February 6, 2022. Climate change escalates mental health issues in 2 ways. In addition, there will be a large loss of human habitat through rising sea levels and temperature increases. 6. Barry E. Climate change enters the therapy room. Improved access to mental health services, an increase in the number of mental health providers, and a reduction in the use of fossil fuels will all be necessary to meet this challenge. Approximately 37% of American people currently live in areas that have serious problems with access to mental health care.8 This is likely to get significantly worse in the coming decade as global temperatures warm and climate change creates increasing demand for mental health services. This results in significant psychiatric morbidity with new incidences of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, as well as exacerbation of pre-existing mental disorders.

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Image courtesy of "USA TODAY"

Could we save Earth if we treated it like a child? We are in crisis and ... (USA TODAY)

Could we save Earth if we treated it like a child? We are in crisis and need to heal the planet. Climate work is not about diluted commitments coldly discussed ...

Zelda Keller is executive director of the Institute for Climate and Peace. She also works with organizations to develop peacebuilding initiatives throughout the Pacific Asia region. We liken the climate crisis to the doldrums. Even the quietest, distant of cries can awaken a mother from a deep sleep, and we must establish similarly visceral bonds for effective and just climate action. It is a feeling, location and knowingness at the same time. During doldrums, the boat might be moving very quickly in the storm while the crew is unable to see the way to safety. Despite the demonstrated successes of locally based efforts like these, governments and philanthropies invest most climate finance in top-down and technology-centric approaches. Positive peaceful climate solutions present the greatest opportunity to build social cohesion, create lasting commitments that survive beyond partisanship, and are sustained beyond each of us. The communities and lands where these projects are based are now stronger, healthier, more connected and better prepared to face climate impacts with resilience. Central to our climate justice work is helping to frame the conversation about what peace is. We are in crisis and need to heal the planet. Their nerves express concern to you with quiet messages designed to tug at your unique receptivity – a tight squeeze, a shifted foot, a tear in the corner of the eye. As mothers, we have often felt engulfed by the gnawing worry of climate change, the jagged feeling akin to that moment when you, as a mother, drop off your child in the care of someone who hasn't yet earned your trust.

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